具有這個基類:
Core.hpp:
#ifndef C3_CORE_HPP
#define C3_CORE_HPP
#include <c3/utils/Str.hpp>
#include <c3/utils/Vec.hpp>
#include <c3/school/Student.hpp>
class Core {
public:
Core() = default;
explicit Core(std::istream&in);
virtual ~Core();
virtual double grade() const;
const Str &getName() const;
double getMidterm() const;
double getFinal() const;
const Vec<double> &getHomeworks() const;
protected:
Vec<double> homeworks;
virtual std::istream &read(std::istream &in);
virtual Core *clone() const;
std::istream &read_common(std::istream &in);
private:
Str name;
double midterm{}, final{};
friend class Student;
};
std::istream &read_hw(std::istream &in, Vec<double> &hws);
#endif //C3_CORE_HP
and Grad.hpp:
#ifndef C3_GRAD_HPP
#define C3_GRAD_HPP
#include <c3/school/Core.hpp>
class Grad: public Core {
public:
Grad() = default;
explicit Grad(std::istream &in);
std::istream &read(std::istream &in) override;
double grade() const override;
protected:
Grad *clone() const override;
private:
double thesis{};
};
#endif //C3_GRAD_HPP
(代碼是根據安德魯·克尼格的加速書C++生成的)
現在,我得到了一個錯誤:
In file included from /home/shepherd/Desktop/cpp/cpp0book/c3/./c3/school/Student.hpp:8,
from /home/shepherd/Desktop/cpp/cpp0book/c3/./c3/school/Core.hpp:10,
from /home/shepherd/Desktop/cpp/cpp0book/c3/c3/main.cpp:4:
/home/shepherd/Desktop/cpp/cpp0book/c3/./c3/school/Grad.hpp:10:25: error: expected class-name before ‘{’ token
10 | class Grad: public Core {
| ^
/home/shepherd/Desktop/cpp/cpp0book/c3/./c3/school/Grad.hpp:15:19: error: ‘std::istream& Grad::read(std::istream&)’ marked ‘override’, but does not override
15 | std::istream &read(std::istream &in) override;
| ^~~~
/home/shepherd/Desktop/cpp/cpp0book/c3/./c3/school/Grad.hpp:16:12: error: ‘double Grad::grade() const’ marked ‘override’, but does not override
16 | double grade() const override;
| ^~~~~
/home/shepherd/Desktop/cpp/cpp0book/c3/./c3/school/Grad.hpp:19:11: error: ‘Grad* Grad::clone() const’ marked ‘override’, but does not override
19 | Grad *clone() const override;
| ^~~~~
In file included from /home/shepherd/Desktop/cpp/cpp0book/c3/./c3/school/Core.hpp:10,
from /home/shepherd/Desktop/cpp/cpp0book/c3/c3/main.cpp:4:
/home/shepherd/Desktop/cpp/cpp0book/c3/./c3/school/Student.hpp:26:5: error: ‘Core’ does not name a type
26 | Core *cp{};
| ^~~~
gmake[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/c3.dir/build.make:76: CMakeFiles/c3.dir/c3/main.cpp.o] Error 1
gmake[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:83: CMakeFiles/c3.dir/all] Error 2
gmake: *** [Makefile:91: all] Error 2
第一個錯誤是
error: expected class-name before ‘{’ token
10 | class Grad: public Core {
在我看來,即使包含Core
類,編譯器也無法識別它。那么為什么編譯器不能識別我的基類呢?
使用此目錄結構:http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p1204r0.html
github repo:https://github.com/Herdsmann/student_project.git
正如我在評論中所說的,問題是由于循環依賴。特別是你的
Student.hpp包括-->Grad.hpp,后者又包括-->Core.hpp,后者最后包括-->Student.hpp
從上面可以看到,您最終到達了起點,即Student.cpp。這就是為什么它被稱為循環依賴。
要解決這個問題,只需從Core.hpp中刪除
#include <c3/school/Student.hpp>
。這是因為對于友元聲明friend class Student
,您不需要向前聲明或包含Student
類。因此,修改/更正的Core.hpp文件如下所示: